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Abstract:

Population density, biomass and composition of a small mammal community in an Acacia nigrescens savanna were studied over 12 months from August 2000. The community consisted of Mus minutoides (A.Smith1834), Mastomys natalensis (A. Smith 1834), Lemniscomys rosalia (Thomas 1904), Crocidura hirta (Peters 1952), Steatomys pratensis (Peters1846); and on one occasion, Graphiurus murinus (Desmarest 1822) was caught. M. minutoides was the dominant species in the site. Species richness was found to vary signifcantly with the time of the year.The density of M. minutoides was signifcantly high in winter and low in the other seasons, the ratio of males to females was found to be equal, and pregnant females were caught from November to May. The biomass of small mammals in the area (alsodensityandnumbers) was generally low (mean biomass 212 g/ha).The occurrence of new individuals in catches remained high through out the study, suggesting a high mortality or emigration rate or a combination of the two.

(Key words: population dynamics, Pygmy mouse, small mammals)

Link zum Artikel: http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2028.2003.00476.x

Abstract:

The population dynamics of Mus minutoides and Steatomys pratensis are virtually unknown. These two species were live-trapped over a 12-month period in a subtropical grassland in Swaziland. Numbers of M. minutoides were relatively high in winter, declined in spring and the population disappeared in summer and autumn. By contrast, numbers of S. pratensis increased gradually from winter to summer and reached a peak in autumn. There were no differences between the mean weights of male and female M. minutoides and S. pratensis. There were, however, seasonal differences in the mean weight of male S. pratensis, with highest weights recorded in summer. Individuals of both species came into breeding condition in spring (October- November). Reproduction had ceased by the end of autumn (April-May). Monthly survival rates of M. minutoides were highest in winter, but did not vary seasonally in S. pratensis . Burning had a pronounced effect on the distribution of S. pratensis . Steatomys pratensis individuals selected recently burnt but revegetated areas over unburnt areas. The effect of burning on the M. minutoides population is difficult to assess, as this species disappeared shortly after the fire.

Link zum Artikel: http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/links/doi/10.1046%2Fj.1365-2028.1999.00169.x

Abstract:

Food habits of four common species of African rodents: the giant rat (Cricetomys gambianus), the black house rat (Rattus rattus), the multimammate rat (Mastomys natalensis) and the pygmy mouse (Mus minutoides) were studied on the basis of stomach content analysis, habitat sampling and experimental trials with caged animals. Vegetable items (especially grass, grains and tubers) formed the bulk of the food of all the species. Oil-palm nuts and kernels were also common in the guts of C. gambianus and M. natalensis. Animal food components of all the rodent species comprised mainly insects (especially ants, crickets etc.). Vertebrate flesh and scales were also well represented in the guts of C. gambianus. Domestic and miscellaneous food items were recorded from R. rattus, most of which were trapped in human and animal shelters. Inorganic gut contents, primarily sand grains, were found in sizeable quantities in more than 70% of the rodents examined. Results of experimental feeding trials with caged rodents showed close correlation with those recorded from field samples, especially in terms of food choices and the relative quantities consumed. The ecological and practical implications of these observations are discussed in the light of the importance of the rodents as agricultural and domestic pests.

Link zum Artikel: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=7323341&query_hl=2

Abstract:

Three specimens of M. minutoides/musculoides from Zambia were cytogenetically studied through G- and C-banding, DAPI staining and fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) with a (TTAGGG)n telomeric sequence. Biarmed chromosomes were identified according to the current nomenclature as follows: Rb(2.7), Rb(3.12), Rb(4.5), Rb(6.8), Rb(9.16), and the sex chromosomes Rb(1.X), Rb(1.Y) and Rb(1.Xd), originated from the deleted X chromosome. One female showed the diploid number 2n = 24; in the two other individuals, the Rb(9.16) occurred in a heteromorphic condition, and, accordingly, the diploid number was 2n = 25. FISH showed the sites of telomeric sequences at telomeres of all the chromosomes, and in an interstitial position at the centromeres of all Robertsonian metacentrics, except one - the Rb(6.8), though the patterns of hybridization varied between chromosomes. Sex chromosome pairs, in the male and females, showed a similar C-banding pattern, but revealed clear differences after FISH. Traces of telomeric sequences were found dispersed in the whole-heterochromatic arm of the Rb(1.Xd). No visible bond between C-positive heterochromatin and telomeric sequences were detected in the other either bi- or uniarmed chromosomes, indicating that they may actually represent retained telomeres in the Robertsonian metacentrics.

Link zum Artikel: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12296522&query_hl=2

Bücher:

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3) allgemeines zu Tieren in Südafrika von Gus Mills und Lex Hes mit sehr interessanten Informationen zum Habitat & Lebensweise der afrikansichen Zwergmaus (ca. 9 EUR):

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Dissertationen:

Leider über die Eurasiche Zwergmaus und nicht über die afrikanische. Dennoch können sehr viele Aspekte dieser nahe Verwandten Tiere übertragen werden:

www.biblio.tu-bs.de/ediss/data/19990107a/19990107a.pdf

Zeitschriften:

Rodentia Nr. 25: Interesanter Artikel über die afrikanische Zwergmus und deren Haltung im Terrarium (ca. 5 EUR).

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Rodentia Nr. 20 Natürliche Gehegegestaltung: Tipps zur artgerechten Einrichtung von Terrarien

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Links:

Es gibt derzeit eine Menge Erfahrungsberichte im Internet. Diese stimmen teilweise mit den oben genannten Quellen überein, teilweise treten auch starke Wiedersprüche auf (z.B. in Bezug auf Kletterverhalten etc.)

Wir empfeheln daher sich nach Möglichkeit an die oben genannte Litertur zu halten; jedoch schadet es sicherlich aber auch nicht andere Meinungen / Erfahrungen zu lesen, um sich ein möglichst vollständiges Bild zu machen, indem man in google bispielsweise "Zwergmaus + Haltung" eingibt.

Im folgenden sind Links zu Quellen aufgeführt, die wir persölich für sehr seriös erachten. Dennoch kann keine Gewährleistung in Bezug auf die Richtigkeit der Angaben der fremdverlinketen Seiten gegeben werden (siehe Disclaimer)

1) Namaqualand – Ein Biodiversität- und Kleinsäugerhotspot VON DR. CARSTEN SCHRADIN (Bearbeitete Fassung erschienen in der Rodentia Nr. 23, Januar/ Februar 2005.)

Link: http://www.stripedmouse.com/pdfe/namaqualand_rodentia.pdf .

Auszug aus der Seite:

... "Neben den Rennmäusen gibt es noch weitere nachtaktive Mausarten in Namaqualand. Während die Rennmäuse vor allem die sandigen Ebenen bewohnen, kommen in den felsigen Hügeln die Namaqua-Felsenmaus (Aethomys namaquensis; Körpergewicht 55g), die Zwergfelsenmaus (Petromyscus collinus, Körpergewicht 20g) und die Zwergmaus (Mus minutoides, Körpergewicht 6g) vor. Die wenig untersuchte Zwergmaus soll monogam sein und der Vater sich an der Jungenaufzucht beteiligen. Nicht gut untersucht ist die Namaqua-Felsenmaus, aber auffallend sind ihre Nester: Sie baut ihr Nest in Felsspalten hinein, und benutzt dazu trokenes Gras und anderes Pflanzenmaterial. Ein solches Nest scheint von einer ganzen Gruppe von Felsenmäusen bewohnt zu sein, deren Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse aber nicht bekannt sind. In anderen Gegenden scheint dieselbe Art aber ein Einzelgänger zu sein ..."

2) Checklist of Mammals of Swaziland Contributed by: Ara Monadjem, University of Swaziland, Private Bag 4, Kwaluseni, Swaziland

Link: http://www.sntc.org.sz/checklst/sdmamchk.html

Auszug aus der Seite:

"... Checklist of Mammals of Swaziland Contributed by: Ara Monadjem, University of Swaziland, Private Bag 4, Kwaluseni, Swaziland
Listed below are all the mammal species recorded from Swaziland and the vegetation types from which they were recorded: ...

SG = sour mountain grassland;
MG = moist grassveld;
DG = dry grassveld;
MS = moist savanna;
DS = dry savanna;
MB = mixed bushveld

(Anmerkung: positive Fundstellen sind mit + makiert) "

3) CHECKLIST AND PROVISIONAL NATIONAL CONSERVATION STATUS OF AMPHIBIANS, REPTILES AND MAMMALS KNOWN, REPORTED, OREXPECTED TO OCCUR IN NAMIBIA (ninth revision, July 2003)

Compiled by M. Griffin
Directorate of Scientific Services
Ministry of Environment and Tourism
P/B 13306 Windhoek

Link: http://www.met.gov.na/programmes/status/2003%20checklist.pdf .

Auszug aus der Seite:

"... Included are species which have not yet been recorded (or confirmed) but which can reasonably be expected to occur. In these cases, the area where the species is expected is given in brackets before the predicted Conservation Status (except marine forms). Two noteworthy regions are the areas adjacent to the Orange and Zambezi rivers; numerous species are known from the Southern and Eastern banks respectively, but not a short distance across on the Namibian side. These rivers will ultimately present no barrier to such mobile species as bats and antelope, but may effectively limit more sedentary species. In general though, Namibian rivers are ineffective barriers and many of these anomalies are due to the paucity of collecting on the Namibian side rather than the species' absence. Questionable species (taxonomic or occurrence) have been included rather than left out.

...

Mus minutoides A.Smith, 1834
PYGMY MOUSE
SECURE - SP (taxonomy & distribution)

... "

4) ITIS Report

Link: http://www.itis.usda.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=585393

Auszug aus der Seite:

" ...

... "

5) AFROTHERIAN CONSERVATION
Newsletter of the IUCN/SSC Afrotheria Specialist Group
Number 1
June 2002
(7. Article: The ecological importance of the Aardvark)

u.a.
Stefan Cilliers
Ecological and Wildlife Consultants, P.O Box 4, Ingogo, Natal 2944,
South Africa Email: stefan@icon.co.za

Link: http://www.calacademy.org/research/bmammals/afrotheria/ASGNL_no1.pdf

Auszug aus der Seite:

"... Aardvark, Orycteropus afer, are sparsely scattered throughout the savannah of the southern parts of Africa. Rarely seen, these nocturnal creatures roam the savannah plains in search of ants or a tasty termite mound to help satisfy their huge appetites. ...

Occasionally have I also found the Pygmy mouse, Mus minutoides, and the Big-eared mouse, Malacothrix typica, inhabiting or seeking refuge in old termite mounds. Termite mounds that have been opened by aardvark provide a safe refuge for many species, especially if the mound has been “cleaned out” by an
aardvark and no longer houses termites. ..."

6) AWF FOUR CORNERS TBNRM PROJECT : REVIEWS OF EXISTING BIODIVERSITY INFORMATION

Link: http://www.biodiversityfoundation.org/documents/Chap06_Mammals.pdf

Auszug aus der Seite:

"... Chapter 6: Mammals of the Four Corners Area

Appendix 6.1. Mammals occurring in the Four Corners area, by country.
Data from Ansell (1978), East (1989), Hill & Carter (1942), Smithers (1971), Smithers & Wilson (1979).
Taxonomy follows Wilson & Reeder (1993), with alterations from Groves (2001) and Kearney et al.
(2002) for primates and vesper bats, respectively. Records for Namibia are conservative, being restricted
to material evidence only; Brown & Jones (1994) list many species which are expected to occur, indicated
by '?'. Conservation status and categories follow IUCN Red Data list 2003 (http://www.redlist.org),
categories CR = Critical, EN = Endangered, VU = Vulnerable, DD = Data Deficient, LR/cd = Low Risk,
conservation dependant, LR/nt = Low Risk, not threatened. These have been amended for the Four
Corners area, where R = Rare, V = Vulnerable, Ex = Extinct, and apply to populations which occur
marginally in the region or are confined to patchy habitat

...

..." (Anmerkung: positive Fundstellen sind mit + makiert; Ang=Angola; Bot=Botswana; Nam=Namibia; Zam=Zambia; Zim=Zimbabwe )

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